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Other air pollutants
About nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a corrosive gas that mixes with the air.
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Health effects of air pollution
What is fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)?Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is very small particles in the air, less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter.
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About recreational water quality and health
Recreational water quality is important for health Many New Zealanders enjoy swimming at coastal beaches and in rivers and lakes.
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Agricultural activity
Agricultural activity has a major effect on recreational water Agricultural land use and livestock access to waterways can increase the runoff of nutrients, sediment, and faecal contaminants into rivers and lakes, particularly during rainfall events (Kronvang et al 2020).
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Suitability for swimming
Faecal contamination and human health Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) occur in the gut of warm-blooded animals – including humans.
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Water-borne diseases related to recreational water
Background information Campylobacteriosis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis are gastrointestinal diseases caused by Campylobacter bacteria, Giardia parasite, and Cryptosporidium parasite infection, respectively.
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